The Shroud of Turin
Authenticity disputed
A linen cloth bearing the image of a crucified man has drawn generations of Christians into reflection on the suffering of Jesus.
What the account reports
Three laboratories dated samples in 1988; the published radiocarbon result placed the linen in AD 1260–1390. The cloth’s image and history remain subjects of debate, but it has not been established as Jesus’ burial cloth.
Why Christians find this meaningful
For Christians drawn to the Shroud, the image offers a tangible focus for contemplating Christ’s suffering and love. Its connection with the Passion gives the question of its origins spiritual significance and motivates continued investigation.
Explore the research and sources
Research context and open questions
John Paul II encouraged open scientific investigation in 1998 while honoring the Shroud’s devotional meaning. Its authenticity remains contested, and the medieval radiocarbon result is an important part of that discussion.
Read John 19:38–42 ↗
05Pastor Timothy Keller · Everyday lifeWhy do online disagreements feel so personal?+
Presbyterian perspective
The idea from the teaching
In Social Media, Identity, and the Church, Keller considers how online approval can become tied to identity, making disagreement feel like a threat to the self.
How it opens a conversation
Use a familiar online disagreement to explore whether we are trying to understand someone, defend our worth, or gain an audience’s approval.
Talk it through
Keller’s article is a Christian reflection on Chris Bail’s book about social media and polarization.
Read alongside: James 1:19-20; Ephesians 4:29 · NRSVCE ↗
Explore the teaching