A historical and descriptive introduction. Local practice varies; the examples below are not a judgment of a community’s faithfulness.
When and how it began
The modern movement developed around Charles Taze Russell’s Bible study circles in Pennsylvania. Under later leadership, Jehovah’s Witnesses adopted their present name in 1931. Their claim to restore original Christianity is a religious interpretation of this history.
Beliefs and practices
They emphasize Jehovah, Jesus’ saving role, Bible study, evangelism, and God’s Kingdom. They reject the Trinity and distinguish hope of heavenly life for 144,000 from earthly life for others.
A typical worship service
Kingdom Hall meetings feature songs, prayers, Bible-based talks, and guided discussion. The annual Memorial of Jesus’ death is a distinct observance.
What the worship space looks like
Kingdom Halls generally have seating and a speaking platform rather than an altar or devotional images.
Branches and differences
They identify as Christian while differing substantially from Nicene Christianity about Jesus and God. They are distinct from other surviving Bible Student groups. Their beliefs are described here, not presented as shared by all churches.
Sources & further reading
Historical overviews support the account of origins. Official church documents describe the community’s own beliefs and practice.
- Official history · Modern development ↗
- Official teaching · Beliefs ↗
- Official visitor guide · Meetings ↗
Reviewed September 24, 2026. Broad family descriptions do not settle local policies or every contested point of history.